Gemstones Diamond

Gemstones : Diamond Diamond Jewelry Diamonds are beautiful symbols of love around the world. Diamonds are beautiful symbols of love around the world. Stone's names: Diamond, Brilliant.
Color: Diamonds are usually colorless. However, brown, yellow, green, blue, purple, pink, red, gray and black variations are also found depending on the impurities present.
Description: C Native carbon Diamond is a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is difficult to accept that chemically this brilliant gemstone is the same as black opaque graphite and even ordinary soot.
Diamond is the hardest natural substance, with a hardness of 10 on Mohs' scale, so it can be cut or polished only by another diamond. It can be identified by its hardness and adamantine lustre. Despite its extreme hardness diamond is brittle and at 4,289 degree C a diamond will completely burn up leaving nothing behind.Diamonds are the most popular gemstone of all time. Diamonds used for jewelry are graded on the basis of color from blue-white to yellow. Grading also is done on the basis of purity, which varies from perfectly clear, extremely pure stones to those with many impurities and flaws. Diamonds are said to be of the first water when very transparent, and of the second or third water as transparency decreases. Diamond stones are weighed in carats (1 carat = 200 milligrams) and in points (1 point = 0.01 carat).
The hardness, brilliance, and sparkle of diamonds make them unsurpassed as gems.

The name's origin: Diamond derives its name from the Greek word adamas, which means "invincible".

Birthstone: Diamond is the birthstone of Aries (Ram): March 21 - April 19.

Wedding anniversary: Diamond is the anniversary gemstone for the 30th and 60th year of marriage.

Care and treatment: Diamonds should be stored separately. They can scratch other jewelry as well as each other.

From the stone history: Diamonds from Indian deposits were known in ancient times. In the West the limited use of diamonds began in the late Middle Ages. The diamond, was thought to give its wearer strength in battle and to protect him against ghosts and magic.The first river-bed diamonds were probably discovered around 800 B.C.
Large demand provided an incentive for the production of false diamonds as early as 1675 in Paris.
Only 20 per cent of diamonds are suitable for cutting as gems. The rest are discolored or contain flaws. Because of their extreme hardness, diamonds have a number of important industrial applications. They are used in drill bits, glass cutters, masonry saws for shaping building stone, and for cutting other diamonds.

Shopping guide: Diamonds are special gifts due to their glamour, rarity, durability and beauty. Diamonds are welcome gifts for all occasions. They are beautiful symbols of love around the world.
A diamond with proper proportions will send all light entering the diamond out of the top of the stone. This is considered an ideal cut and what you should be looking for.
If you want a nice diamond be prepared to pay a nice price. Low price means low quality.
Be aware of numerous imitations of diamonds: cubic zirconia, synthetic moissianite, synthetic rutile, strontium titanate, colorless topaz, colorless sapphire, and many others. Scratching glass is useless test as many imitations made of quartz , which also scratches glass. Consult a professional, independent retail jeweler to insure you are getting the real thing.
If you are making a large investment in a diamond make sure that you are getting a diamond grading report from a reputable gemological laboratory.

Healing ability: Diamond is a great assistance for all brain diseases. It is beneficial in stomach area. Diamonds strengthen the owner's memory.

Mystical power: Diamonds give faith, purity, life, joy, innocence and repentance. They assist in developing concentration and in beeing straight-forward and honest. It is believed the diamond loses its brilliance with the health of the wearer, regaining it only when the owner recovers.
Diamond is an antidote to poison and is capable of detecting poison by exhibiting a moisture or perspiration on its surface. Supposedly, the higher quality the diamond, the better it supports these qualities.

Deposits: Diamonds are mostly found in Australia, Ghana, Zaire, Russia, USA (Arkansas, California, Colorado, and North Carolina), and Brazil.

Famous diamonds:

Jubilee diamond, flawless, clear white diamond weighing almost 651 carats in rough form, it was found in the Jaegersfontein mine in South Africa in 1895. It was faceted into a cushion brilliant of about 245 carats in 1897, the year of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, from which it takes its name. Excelsior diamond, until the discovery of the
Cullinan diamond in 1905, the world's largest-known uncut diamond. When found by a worker loading a truck in the De Beers mine at Jagersfontein, Orange Free State, on June 30, 1893, the blue-white stone weighed about 995 carats. After long study the Excelsior diamond was cut (1904) by I.J. Asscher and Company of Amsterdam into 21 stones ranging in weight from less than 1 carat to more than 70 carats.

Cullinan diamond, world's largest gem diamond, which weighed about 3,106 carats in rough form when found in 1905 at the Premier mine in Transvaal, S.Af. Named for Sir Thomas Cullinan, who had discovered the mine three years earlier, the colorless stone was purchased by the Transvaal government and was presented (1907) to the reigning British monarch, King Edward VII. It was cut into 9 large stones and about 100 smaller ones by I.J. Asscher and Company of Amsterdam.

Excelsior diamond, which until the discovery of the Cullinan had been the largest known diamond. The stones cut from the Cullinan diamond, all flawless, are now part of the British regalia. The two largest are the largest cut diamonds known, and the larger of these is the Great Star of Africa, or Cullinan I, a 530.2-carat, pear-shaped gem set in the English sceptre. The other is the most valuable stone in the imperial state crown, the 317-carat Cullinan II, sometimes called the Second Star of Africa.

Hope diamond, sapphire-blue gemstone from India, one of the largest blue diamonds known. It is thought to have been cut from a 112-carat stone brought to France by the jewel trader Jean-Baptiste Tavernier and purchased by Louis XIV in 1668 as part of the French crown jewels. This stone, later called the French Blue, was recut into a 67-carat heart in 1673 and disappeared after the crown-jewel robbery of 1792. The 45.5-carat Hope diamond, named for the London banker Thomas Hope, who purchased it in 1830, was apparently formed from it. The Hope diamond is on display in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Regent diamond, also called PITT DIAMOND, a brilliant-cut stone with a slight blue tinge that once was the outstanding gem of the French crown jewels; it was discovered in India in 1701 and weighed 410 carats in rough form. It was purchased by Sir Thomas Pitt, British governor in Madras, who published a letter in the London Daily Post to counter rumours that he had stolen the gem. The stone was cut to a 141-carat cushion brilliant called the Pitt diamond and was purchased in 1717 by the Duke of Orleans, regent of France--hence its present name. In 1792 it was stolen along with other crown jewels but was recovered. Napoleon I wore the stone in the pommel of his sword. It has been on display in the Louvre since 1887.

Great Mogul diamond, the largest diamond ever found in India. It was discovered as a 787-carat rough stone in the Golconda mines in 1650 and subsequently was cut by the Venetian lapidary Hortentio Borgis. The French jewel trader Jean-Baptiste Tavernier described it in 1665 as a high-crowned rose-cut stone with a flaw at the bottom and a small speck within. Its present location is unknown, and some believe that either the Orlov diamond or the Koh-i-noor may have been cut from this stone after its loss following the assassination of its owner, Nader Shah, in 1747.

Shah diamond, yellow-tinged stone of about 89 carats that bears three ancient Persian inscriptions, indicating it was discovered before 1591, probably in the Golconda mines in India. The inscriptions are to Nezam Shah Borhan II, 1591; Shah Jahan, son of Shah Jahangir, 1641; and Fath 'Ali Shah, 1826. Given to Tsar Nicholas I by Fath 'Ali Shah in 1829, it is displayed in the Diamond Fund of Russia in Moscow.

Orlov diamond, rose- cut gem from India, one of the Romanov crown jewels; it is shaped like half an egg, with facets covering its domed surface, and the underside is nearly flat. It weighs nearly 200 carats. According to legend, it was once used as the eye of an idol in a Brahman temple in Mysore and was stolen by a French deserter, who escaped with it to Madras. Others contend that the authenticated history of the Orlov extends to the middle of the 18th century, when the stone (believed to be the long-missing Great Mogul diamond) belonged to Nader Shah, king of Persia. After his assassination it was stolen and sold to an Armenian millionaire named Shaffrass. In either case, it was purchased in 1774 by Count Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov, who in an unsuccessful attempt to regain favour gave it to Empress Catherine II the Great. Catherine had it mounted in the Romanov imperial sceptre, and it is now part of Russia's Diamond Fund (which contains the tsarist regalia) in Moscow.

Sancy diamond, fiery stone of Indian origin that is shaped like a peach pit and weighs 55 carats. It has a long history and has passed through many royal families. Purchased in Constantinople about 1570 by Nicolas Harlay de Sancy, the French ambassador to Turkey, it was lent to the French kings Henry III and Henry IV. Later it was purchased by Queen Elizabeth I of England and descended to the Stuarts. After the flight of James II from England to France in 1688, it reappeared among the French crown jewels of Louis XIV and was stolen with these in 1792. It reappeared in 1828, when it was purchased by the Russian prince Demidov, in whose family it remained until 1900. Later it became the property of Lady Nancy Astor.

Florentine diamond, clear, pale-yellow stone weighing 137 carats; of Indian origin, it was cut as a double rose with 126 facets. Once owned by Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, who lost it when he fell in battle in 1477, the stone came into the possession of Pope Julius II and the Medici family early in the 16th century. Maria Theresa of Austria acquired it through her marriage (1736) to the Duke of Tuscany, and it subsequently became part of the Austrian crown jewels. Seized by the Germans when they took over Austria just before World War II, it was recovered by the U.S. 3rd Army and returned to the Viennese by Gen. Mark Clark.

Star of the South, unblemished, 129-carat white diamond with a rosy glow, one of the largest ever found in Brazil; it weighed about 262 carats in rough form. It was discovered in 1853 in the Bagagem River (in Minas Gerais state) by a slave woman, who was given her freedom and pensioned as a reward.

Gemstone images

A gemstone or gem (also called a precious or semi-precious stone, or jewel) is a piece of mineral, which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.[1] However certain rocks, (such as lapis lazuli) and organic materials (such as amber or jet) are not minerals, but are still used for jewelry, and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some soft minerals are used in jewelry because of their lustre or other physical properties that have aesthetic value. Rarity is another characteristic that lends value to a gemstone. Apart from jewelry, from earliest antiquity until the 19th century engraved gems and hardstone carvings such as cups were major luxury art forms; the carvings of Carl Fabergé were the last significant works in this tradition.

Agate Facts, Information and Description

Agate is a term applied not to a distinct mineral species, but to an aggregate of various forms of silica. It usually forms in concentric layers in a wide variety of colors and textures. The most common colors are white to grey, light blue, orange to red and black. Agate is often found as a round nodule, with concentric bands like the rings of a tree trunk. The first archeological findings of different implements made of agate date back to 8000 years ago.

There exist various types of agate. A Mexican agate, showing only a single eye, has received the name of "Cyclops agate." Dendrite agates have beautiful fern like patterns on them formed due to the presence of manganese and iron ions. Other types of included matter deposited during agate-building include sagenitic growths (radial mineral crystals) and chunks of entrapped detritus (such as sand, ash, or mud). Occasionally agate fills a void left by decomposed vegetative material such as a tree limb or root and is called limb cast agate due to its appearance. Turritella agate is formed from fossil Turritella shells silicified in a chalcedony base. Similarly, coral, petrified wood and other organic remains or porous rocks can also become agatized. Agatized coral is often referred to as Petoskey agate or stone.

Certain stones, when examined in thin sections by transmitted light, show a diffraction spectrum due, hence they are termed rainbow agates. Often agate coexists with layers or masses of opal, jasper or crystalline quartz due to ambient variations during the formation process.

Other forms of agate include carnelian agate (usually exhibiting reddish hues), Botswana agate, blue lace agate, plume agate (such as Carey, Graveyard Point, Sage, St. Johns, Teeter Ranch and others), tube agate (with visible flow channels), fortification agate (which exhibit little or no layered structure), fire agate (which seems glow internally like an opal) and Mexican crazy-lace agate (which exhibits an often brightly colored, complex banded pattern).

Agate was highly valued as a talisman or amulet in ancient times. It was said to quench thirst and protect from fevers. Persian magicians used agate to divert storms. Agate bowls were popular in the Byzantine Empire. Collecting agate bowls became common among European royalty during the Renaissance and many museums in Europe, including the Louvre, have spectacular examples.

History: The mining of agate in the Nahe River valley in Germany which was already documented in 1497 gave rise to the cutting center of Idar-Oberstein, Germany. Originally, the river was used to power the grinding wheels. When the Nahe agate deposit was exhausted in the nineteenth century, Idar cutters started to develop the agate deposits of Brazil, which also sparked exploration and discovery of Brazil's rich deposits of other gemstones.

Ruby Jewelry Gemstones

Ruby Jewelry Gemstones Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Among the natural gems only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of 10.0 and moissonite falling somewhere in between corundum (ruby) and diamond in hardness. Ruby is α-alumina (the most stable form of Al2O3) in which a small fraction of the aluminum3+ ions are replaced by chromium3+ ions. Each Cr3+ is surrounded octahedrally by six O2- ions. This crystallographic arrangement strongly affects each Cr3+, resulting in light absorption in the yellow-green region of the spectrum and thus in the red color of the gem. When yellow-green light is absorbed by Cr3+, it is re-emitted as red luminescence.

This red emission adds to the red colour perceived by the subtraction of green and violet light from white light, and adds luster to the gem's appearance. When the optical arrangement is such that the emission is stimulated by 694-nanometer photons reflecting back and forth between two mirrors, the emission grows strongly in intensity. This effect was used by Theodore Maiman in 1960 to make the first successful laser, based on ruby. All natural rubies have imperfections in them, including color impurities and inclusions of rutile needles known as "silk". Gemologists use these needle inclusions found in natural rubies to distinguish them from synthetics, simulants, or substitutes. Usually the rough stone is heated before cutting. Almost all rubies today are treated in some form, with heat treatment being the most common practice. However, rubies that are completely untreated but still of excellent quality command a large premium. Some rubies show a 3-point or 6-point asterism or "star".

These rubies are cut into cabochons to display the effect properly. Asterisms are best visible with a single-light source, and move across the stone as the light moves or the stone is rotated. Such effects occur when light is reflected off the "silk" (the structurally oriented rutile needle inclusions) in a certain way. This is one example where inclusions increase the value of a gemstone. Furthermore, rubies can show color changes — though this occurs very rarely — as well as chatoyancy or the "cat's eye" effect This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see Ruby (disambiguation). Ruby Natural ruby crystals from Winza, Tanzania General Category Mineral variety Chemical formula aluminium oxide with chromium, Al2O3:Cr Identification Color Red, may be brownish, purplish or pinkish Crystal habit Varies with locality. Terminated tabular hexagonal prisms. Crystal system Trigonal (Hexagonal Scalenohedral) Symbol (−3 2/m) Space Group: R-3c Cleavage No true cleavage Fracture Uneven or conchoidal Mohs scale hardness 9.0 Luster Vitreous Streak white Diaphaneity transparent Specific gravity 4.0 Refractive index nω=1.768 – 1.772 nε=1.760 – 1.763, Birefringence 0.008 Pleochroism Orangey red, purplish red Ultraviolet fluorescence red under longwave Melting point 2044 °C Solubility none Major varieties Sapphire Any color except red Corundum various colors Emery Granular A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide).

The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Its name comes from ruber, Latin for red. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. The ruby is considered one of the four precious stones, together with the sapphire, the emerald, and the diamond. Prices of rubies are primarily determined by color. The brightest and most valuable "red" called pigeon blood-red, commands a huge premium over other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. Cut and carat (weight) are also an important factor in determining the price http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

Gemstones : Bloodstone Description

Gemstones: Bloodstone Bloodstone Jewelry Yellow Gold Genuine Bloodstone Ring Bloodstone helps one become more knowledgeable in the ways of the world. Stone's names: Bloodstone, Heliotrope
Bloodstone Description: Bloodstone is dark-green variety of the silica mineral chalcedony that has nodules of bright-red jasper distributed throughout its mass. Polished sections therefore show red spots on a dark-green background, and from the resemblance of these to drops of blood it derives its name.
Its physical properties are those of quartz.

Bloodstone Healing ability: In ancient times, bloodstone was thought to be able to stop hemorrhages with the merest touch. Bloodstone relieves stomach and bowel pain. It strengthens blood purifying organs and improves blood circulation. Bloodstone has a positive influence on a bladder.

Bloodstone The name's origin: Bloodstone is a stone with red spots which resemble drops of blood, so it is received its name due to this similarity.
Heliotrope derives its name from Greek words meaning sun and turning.

Bloodstone Birthstone: Bloodstone along with aquamarine are traditional birthstones of Pisces (Fish): Feb. 19 - March 20.

Bloodstone Care and treatment: Protect bloodstone from scratches, sharp blows, harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. The polish will be removed if you get this type of stone wet.

Bloodstone Color: Bloodstone is a green stone with red spots. It also occurs in shades of dark green with red, brown and multicolored spots. The iron minerals cause the deep red and brown colors.

Bloodstone From the stone history: In the Middle Ages, bloodstone was attributed special powers as the spots were thought to be the blood of Jesus Christ. It was used in sculptures representing flagellation and martyrdom.

Bloodstone Shopping guide: Bloodstone is an inexpensive stone. It is often used for pendants and bead necklaces.

Bloodstone Mystical power: Bloodstone is used to help one become more knowledgeable in the ways of the world. Bloodstone is also believed to be a very magical stone.

Deposits: Bloodstone is found in Australia, Brazil, China, India, Kathiawar Peninsula and the USA (Wyoming).

Moonstone brings love into ones life

Moonstone brings love into ones life Gemstones Moonstone crystal Rainbow Moonstone Moonstone Jewelry Moonstone Color: Moonstones come in a variety
of colors, ranging from colorless to white, gray, brown, yellow, orange, green, or pink. Clarity ranges from transparent to translucent.

Moonstone Description: (K, Na) AlSi3O8, Moonstone (also called rainbow moonstone) is soft milky white stone, the most valuable variety of feldspar with an rainbow sheen. Moonstone shows a silvery or bluish iridescence, that is caused by the intergrowth of two different types of feldspar with different efractive indexes. The term moonstone also has been applied to the plagioclase feldspars peristerite and labradorite, which also exhibit iridescence.

Moonstone The name's origin: The moonstone named for its semblance in color to the moon.

Moonstone Birthstone: Moonstone along with alexandrite and pearls are birthstones of Gemini (Twins): May 21 - June 21.

Wedding anniversary: Moonstone is the 13th anniversary stone.

Moonstone Care and treatment: Moonstone can be easily scratched as it has a hardness of 6. Store moonstones carefully and never allow two specimens to touch each other.

From the stone history: Moonstone was very popular with the Romans, who thought it was formed out of moonlight, also used in Roman jewelry since 100 AD. In India moonstone is considered a sacred stone to this day.

Moonstone Shopping guide: Stone has a rainbow-like array of colors and will pick up colors you wear. The best moonstone has a blue sheen, perfect clarity, and a colorless body color. It is often worn in rings, pendants or bead necklaces.

Moonstone Healing ability: Moonstone aligns vertebrae. It is good digestive aid. Moonstone also soothes and balances the emotions.

Moonstone Mystical power: Moonstone is believed to be protective for women and babies. It's also associated with the sea and planting cycles. Moonstone is said to balance yin and yang. In India, moonstone is regarded as a sacred stone. It is believed to bring good fortune. Legend says that Moonstone is a highly prized gift for lovers as it arouses tender passion.
Moonstone Deposits: Moonstone is found in Brazil, European Alps, India, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and USA (Pennsylvania and Virginia). Sri Lanka produces the highest quality moonstones.

Zircon jewelry Gemstones

Zircon jewelry Gemstones Zircon Jewelry Zircon provides the wearer with wisdom, honor and riches.

Jewelry Zircon Mystical power: Zircon supposedly helps one be more at peace with oneself. Zircon is believed to provide the wearer with wisdom, honor and riches. The lost of luster on a Zircon stone is said to warn of danger.
Jacinth helps rising one's self-esteem.

Zircon Stone's names: The orange variety of zircon is called jacinth.

Jewelry Zircon Color: Zircon is known as a colorless stone used to imitate diamonds, but also comes in: blue, yellow, orange, red, brown and green.

Zircon Description: ZrSiO4 Zircon is a silicate mineral, zirconium silicate.
The high refractive index and dispersion of zircon cause it to approach diamond in fire and brilliancy. Zircon is widespread as an accessory mineral in acid igneous rocks, it also occurs in metamorphic rocks and, fairly often, in detrital deposits.

Jewelry Zircon The name's origin: The name Zircon is originated from Persian Zargun which means "gold color".

Jewelry Zircon Birthstone: Zircon along with turquoise are birthstones of Sagittarius (Archer): Nov. 22-Dec. 21.

Jewelry Zircon Varieties: Zircon is quite widely used in its three varieties. The first variety is called jacinth (also spelled hyacinth) and was used to a great extent in classical antiquity. It occurs in the clear, transparent red, orange, and yellow colors.
The blue variety is called starlite or Siam Zircon, while the third colorless variety is called Ceylon or Matura diamond.

Care and treatment: Zircon will chip and crack rather easily though it has a hardness rating of 7. As with all gems, protect zircon from scratches and sharp blows. Avoid hot water, sudden temperature changes and household chemicals. Store a jewelry made of zircon in separate boxes.

Zircon From the stone history: Zircon has been around in jewelry for hundreds of years. It is known for its high dispersion and for many years was used to imitate diamonds.

Zircon Shopping guide: Be ware of colorless glass and synthetic spinel zircon imitations.

Jewelry Zircon Healing ability: Zircon relieves pain. It is said to whet one's appetite. Zircon also prevents nightmares and ensures a deep tranquil sleep.

Zircon Deposits: It occurs in beach sands in many parts of the world, particularly Australia, India, Brazil, and Florida. Gem varieties occur in stream gravels and detrital deposits, particularly in Indochina and Sri Lanka, but also in Burma, Australia, and New Zealand. Zircon forms an important part of the syenite of southern Norway and occurs in large crystals in Quebec. Zircon is also found in Cambodia, France, Myanmar, Thailand, Nigeria and Tanzania.

Alexandrite jewelry Gemstones Alexandrite

Alexandrite jewelry Gemstones Alexandrite Natural Alexandrite Gemstones and Custom Alexandrite Jewelry Alexandrite is a stone of good omen.

Alexandrite Color: The best known and most widely used variety of chrysoberyl is an alexandrite. Because of its great power of absorption of certain colors, alexandrite looks green in daylight and reddish purple in artificial light.

Alexandrite Description: BeAl2O4 Alexandrite is a remarkable and valued variety of chrysoberyl that when viewed along the different crystallographic (optical) axes, changes from columbine red to orange yellow to emerald green.

Alexandrite The name's origin: Alexandrite is named after Czar Alexander's II.

Alexandrite Birthstone: Alexandrite along with pearls and moonstone are birthstones of Gemini (Twins): May 21 - June 21.

Wedding anniversary: Alexandrite is the anniversary gemstone for the 45th and 55th year of marriage.

Alexandrite Care and treatment: Protect alexandrite from scratches, sharp blows, harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.

From the stone history: Alexandrite was discovered in 1831 in the Ural Mountains (Russia) on the Czar Alexander II birthday.

Alexandrite Shopping guide: Alexandrite is a beautiful rare stone which is quite expensive. It is very difficult to find natural alexandrite. Most Alexandrites on the market are synthetic. Alexandrite rings are very beautiful. If Alexandrite is set in a ring, the wearer can watch the color change.

Healing ability: Alexandrite helps fighting low self-esteem. Improves central nervous system disorders. Alexandrite relieves spleen & pancreas problems.

Alexandrite Mystical power: Alexandrite is a stone of good omen. Alexandrite can assist one in centering the self, reinforcing self-esteem, and increases ones ability to experience joy.

Obsidian jewelry Gemstones Obsidian

Obsidian jewelry Gemstones Obsidian Obsidian jewelry obsidian cocktail ring Gemstones Obsidian Obsidian gives a clear insight into problems

Color: Obsidian is usually black. Other colors include: brown, gray, red, blue and green, clear, orange, yellow.

Description: Obsidian is a natural glass of volcanic origin that is formed by the rapid cooling of viscous lava. Obsidian is extremely rich in silica (about 35 to 80 percent) and is low in water. Obsidian is made of the same minerals as granite but cooled so quickly that they do not have time to crystallize.
Obsidian has a glassy lustre and is slightly harder than window glass. Though obsidian is typically jet-black in color, the presence of hematite produces red and brown varieties, and the inclusion of tiny gas bubbles may create a golden sheen. Obsidian in attractive and variegated colors is used as a semiprecious stone.

The name's origin: Discovered by Obsius in Ethiopia, obsidian is named after him.

Varieties: Black patterned obsidian with greyish-white inclusions which resemble snowflakes is often called snowflake obsidian.

Care and treatment: Obsidian is fairly fragile. Avoid sharp blows as it will crack.

From the stone history: Obsidian has been used for thousands of years for toolmaking. In 1967 archaeologists working at the site of Tlapacoya, southeast of Mexico City, uncovered a well-made blade of obsidian associated with a radiocarbon date of about 21,000 BC.
Sharp shards of obsidian were formed into arrowheads by Indians, who obtained large quantities of obsidian from Obsidian Cliff in Yellowstone National park. The Aztecs used a great deal of obsidian for tools, including sacrificial knives, the eyes of carving of their gods, and even mirrors.
Obsidian is used for dating. Obsidian weathers slowly at a uniform rate, and the thickness of the weathered layer is measured microscopically and gauged against known standards to give a date in years.
Obsidian has also been used for jewelry for centuries.
Mystical power: Obsidian is often used for gaining clear insight into problems. Obsidian stabilizes and is a chastiser.

Deposits: The obsidians of Mount Hekla in Iceland, the Eolie Islands off the coast of Italy, and Obsidian Cliff in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S., are all well-known occurrences. Obsidian is also found in Hawaii, Japan and Java. Dark pieces found in Arizona and New Mexico are called Apache Tears.

Gemstones Peridot

Gemstones Peridot Peridot is a symbol of fame, dignity, and protection.peridot ring peridot jewelry

Stone's names: Peridot, Chrysolite (golden yellow peridot).

Color: Peridot is a stone with a sparkling pale green color. It occurs in lime, yellowish green, olive green or medium dark green hues.

Description: [Mg,Fe] 2SiO4 Magnesium iron silicate
Peridot, also called precious olivine, is a gem-quality transparent green olivine. The crystals of peridot have a vitreous lustre and conchoidal fracture. Gem-quality olivine is a mineral that composes a lot of the earth's mantel, the layer below the crust. It is also common in basalts on the moon.

The name's origin: Chrysolite means "golden stone" in Greek.

Birthstone: Peridot along with sardonyx are birthstones of Leo (Lion): July. 23 - Aug. 22.

Wedding anniversary: Peridot is the anniversary gemstone for the 16th year of marriage.

Varieties: Chrysolite is a golden yellow variety of peridot.

Care and treatment: As with all gems, protect peridot from scratches and sharp blows. Also avoid drastic temperature changes. Do not clean peridot in a home ultrasonic cleaner.

From the stone history: Peridot has been adored since ancient times and has been valued for centuries. People in the Middle Ages wore peridot to gain foresight and divine inspiration. Legend has it that pirates favored peridot to protect them against evil. Peridot was greatly prized by Egyptian Kings. Some of Cleopatra's emeralds were in fact peridots.
The deposit on Saint Johns Island in the Red Sea, that was mentioned by Pliny in his Natural History (AD 70), still produces fine gems.

Shopping guide: Peridot is a beautiful stone that wears well and looks beautiful with a lot of your wardrobe. Peridot is readily available in most sizes and a variety of shapes. Peridot should be priced about the same as a garnet or tourmaline. Be aware of a very good imitation of peridot that is actually a type of synthetic peridot.

Healing ability: This beautiful stone is worn or carried for general healing purposes. Peridot increases strength & physical vitality. Peridot protects against nervousness and aids in healing hurt feelings. It helps liver & adrenal function. Peridot is also thought to protect lungs, sinuses, and wrists from illness and injury.

Mystical power: Peridot is used to help dreams become a reality. This very popular stone is believed to attract love. The deep green hue of the peridot also suggests a connection in wealth-attracting.
Peridot calms a raging anger. It is also useful to dispel negative emotions, and it is believed to promote sleep when worn to bed.

Deposits: Peridot is found in Australia, Brazil, China, Eygpt, Burma, Pakistan, Norway, and USA (Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, and New Mexico).
Much of the today's Peridot comes from Arizona. Very large crystals are found in the Mogok district of Myanmar and in the Minas Gerais in Brazil.
Peridot has been mined from St John's Island in the Red Sea for over 3500 years. In 1994, an exciting new deposit of peridot was discovered in Pakistan, and these stones are among the finest ever seen.

Gemstones Topaz

Gemstones: Topaz Topaz is a stone of strength. Piedras preciosas: Topacio Topacio es una piedra de la fuerza. Topaz jewelry Topaz ring

Color: topacio puro es incoloro, pero también se produce en una amplia gama de colores: amarillo, durazno azul, rosa, dorado, verde, rojo y marrón.
Algunas piedras amarillas naturales se calientan a convertirse en permanente rosa (topacio festoneados).

Descripción: Topacio fluorita es un silicato de aluminio que contienen flúor y tiene una fórmula química de Al2F2SiO4. Es uno de los pocos minerales gema que, en condiciones adecuadas, se convierten en cristales enormes. Topacio se produce normalmente en las cavidades de riolitas y granito, en diques de pegmatita, y en las venas de alta temperatura con casiterita y turmalina.
La piedra es transparente con un brillo vítreo. Una variedad de color amarillo, marrón y rosa de topacio son valorados como una piedra preciosa. Los cristales puros de topacio utiliza mucho en joyería.

El origen del nombre: El topacio nombre se deriva de las tapas palabra india en sánscrito, que significa fuego. Según otra teoría topacio deriva su nombre de la isla de Topazos, en el Mar Rojo, donde los romanos obtuvieron una piedra que se llama por este nombre, pero que fue el crisolito moderno o peridoto.

Piedra de nacimiento: Topacio, junto con citrino son piedras de nacimiento de Scorpius (Escorpión): 24 octubre-21 noviembre.

aniversario de la boda: topacio es la piedra preciosa del aniversario para el año 4 y 19 de matrimonio.
topacio imperial es la piedra preciosa del aniversario para el año 23 de matrimonio.

Variedades: Nada se compara con el brillo chispeante de topacio azul. Naranja-rojo topacio imperial es raro.

Cuidado y tratamiento: Como topacio tiene una dureza de 8, mantener su joyas en cajas separadas para proteger a otras joyas de arañazos. Evite también los grandes cambios de temperatura. Topacio se convierte a menudo más pálido si se mantiene en el sol. No limpie el topacio en un limpiador ultrasónico casa. La mejor manera de limpiar el topacio es el agua tibia y jabón.

De la historia de piedra: Se cree que el topacio de mineralogistas modernos era desconocido para los antiguos y que la piedra llamada Topazos fue el crisolito mineral o peridoto.
En la antigüedad, la figura de un halcón esculpido en un topacio se cree que ayuda a ganar la buena voluntad de los reyes, príncipes y magnates. Topacio es de piedra de la fuerza observó por los griegos. Durante la época medieval se creía que era curar los trastornos físicos y mentales, así como evitar la muerte.
En 1750 un joyero parisino descubrió que el topacio amarillo de Brasil se convierte en color rosa en la exposición a un calor moderado, y este tratamiento ha sido ampliamente aplicado, por lo que casi todos los topacios rosados se producen en la joyería ha sido tratada térmicamente. Tales "topacio quemado" es a menudo conocido como rubí brasileño, como es el muy raro, topacio rojo natural.

Guía de Compras: Topacio se ve hermosa en anillos, pulseras, collares y colgantes. Topacio azul está disponible en una variedad de tonos, tamaños y formas. Rojo y rosa intenso son los colores más raros y deseables para la mayoría de topacio. Pura topacio cuando talla brillante a veces se confunde con los diamantes.

La capacidad de curación: Topacio estimula un sistema endocrino. Ayuda a la regeneración de tejidos en general. Topacio es valiosa en el tratamiento de hemorragias. También aumenta la falta de apetito y ayuda a combatir enfermedades de la sangre.

el poder místico: Topacio saldos de las emociones y las pasiones se calma. Se libera la tensión y da la sensación de alegría. Topacio se conoce como la piedra preciosa de rejuvenecimiento espiritual.

Depósitos: fuentes importantes de topacio se encuentran en Rusia, Siberia, Brasil, Sri Lanka, África y China, Japón, Pakistán, Myanmar, Nigeria, Australia, México, y en los Estados Unidos (en Maine, New Hampshire, California, Colorado, y Utah). En Estados Unidos la mejor topacio se ha trabajado cerca de Pikes Peak, Colorado, y en el condado de San Diego, California. Los mayores yacimientos conocidos se encuentran en Minas Gerais en Brasil.
Los mejores topacio británica se encuentra en las montañas de Cairngorm, en las tierras altas centrales, especialmente en Ben una Buird, Escocia. La piedra de topacio famosos de la Schneckenstein, en Alemania, los rendimientos de cristales de color amarillo pálido.
topacio Bellas ocurre en varias localidades en los Urales y en Siberia, Rusia, y los cristales bellos provienen de Takayama y Tanokamiyama en Japón.

Chalcedony Gemstones Chalcedony jewelry

Chalcedony Gemstones Chalcedony jewelry Chalcedony ring
Chalcedony promotes calm and peace
Color: Chalcedony can be virtually any color of the rainbow. It is commonly pale blue, yellow, brown or gray with nearly waxlike luster. A white, buff, or light tan species of chalcedony are also occured.

Description: SiO2 Chalcedony is a finely crystallized or fibrous quartz that forms rounded crusts, rinds, or stalactites in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Chalcedony is a precious stone that occurs in many forms, colors, and shapes. Chalcedony, agates, jaspers, bloodstone, cornelian, onyx, and chrysoprase all make up the chalcedony gemstones. Chalcedonic pseudomorphs after other minerals often give rise to very interesting specimens.
Other physical properties are those of quartz.

Care and treatment: Protect chalcedony from scratches, sharp blows, harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.

From the stone history: The Romans prized chalcedony as seals, and the Victorians carved them into an endless array of cameos and intaglios. Chalcedony was used in Renaissance magic for health and safety. In all ages chalcedony has been the stone most used by the gem engraver, and many colored varieties are still cut and polished as ornamental stones.
Chalcedony is one of the gemstones, that used in commesso, also called florentine mosaic. Commesso is a technique of fashioning pictures with thin, cut-to-shape pieces of brightly colored, semiprecious stones, developed in Florence in the late 16th century. The stones most commonly used are agates, quartzes, chalcedonies, jaspers, granites, porphyries, petrified woods, and lapis lazuli. Commesso pictures, used mainly for tabletops and small wall panels, range from emblematic and floral subjects to landscapes.
Visit all-that-gifts.com - the online store that offer a large collection of pictures decorated with natural precious and semiprecious stones.

Shopping guide: Chalcedony is an inexpensive stone. It is one of the best wearing stones on the market. Chalcedony also one of the most collected gemstones today.

Healing ability: This beautiful stone is believed to banish fear, hysteria, depression, mental illness and sadness. Chalcedony reduces fever. Wearing chalcedony is believed to be excellent for eyes.

Mystical power: Chalcedony prevents from touchiness and melancholy. Worn by many to promote calm and peace. Chalcedony also stimulates creativity.

Deposits: Chalcedony is found in many parts of the world, but the most prized Chalcedony are from India, Madagascar, Burma, Brazil, Mexico & USA.